Revalio Putra Budiani (1), Emy Rosnawati (2)
General background: Indonesia holds rich biodiversity including carnivorous Nepenthes species that face threats from overexploitation and habitat loss. Specific background: Illegal collection and trade of Nepenthes have reduced wild populations and triggered legal responses at national and international levels. Knowledge gap: Existing literature emphasizes botanical and distributional studies but lacks focused legal analysis of protection mechanisms and enforcement outcomes. Aims: This study analyzes Indonesia’s legal framework and enforcement actions concerning Nepenthes to assess the adequacy of preventive and repressive protections. Results: Normative analysis of statutes, ministerial regulations, and documented enforcement cases reveals clear legal prohibitions and prescribed sanctions, yet enforcement variability and awareness gaps persist. Novelty: The paper synthesizes statutory provisions with recent case evidence to highlight implementation gaps in legal protection for Nepenthes. Implications: Findings suggest targeted policy improvements—strengthened monitoring, community engagement, and clearer species-specific guidance—to enhance conservation and legal compliance.
Highlights:
Statutory protections and ministerial listing for 59 Nepenthes species.
Documented enforcement case linking illegal trade to cross-border buyers.
Gap between legal provisions and practical enforcement outcomes.
Keywords: Nepenthes, Legal Protection, Conservation Law, Illegal Trade, Indonesia
[1] J. Supriatna, Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan, Edisi 1. Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2021.
[2] Sartika, A. Setiawan, and J. Master, “Populasi dan Pola Penyebaran Kantong Semar (Nepenthes gracilis) di Rhino Camp Resort Sukaraja Atas Kawasan Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS),” J. Sylva Lestari, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 12–21, 2017, doi: 10.23960/jsl3512-21.
[3] B. Wasis, “Pertumbuhan, Keragaman Jenis, Habitat, Budidaya dan Manfaat Tumbuhan Kantong Semar (Nepenthes) di Indonesia,” 2024, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30490.66242.
[4] R. M. Tarigan and Y. E. Ritonga, “Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Kantong Semar (Nepenthes sp.) di Kawasan Hutan Jalan Merek-Sidikalang, Lae Pondom, Merek, Kabupaten Karo,” J. Biolokus, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 252–258, 2020, doi: 10.30821/biolokus.v3i1.682.
[5] D. B. Cahyono, C. Roini, and M. N. Tamalene, “Karakteristik Habitat Tumbuhan Kantong Semar (Nepenthes sp.) di Pulau Halmahera,” Techno J. Penelit., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 233–241, 2019, doi: 10.33387/tk.v8i1.1089.
[6] M. Mansur, “Tinjauan Tentang Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) di Indonesia,” Ber. Biol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2013, doi: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v12i1.512.
[7] O. S. Septiani, R. Herawatiningsih, and T. F. Manurung, “Keanekaragaman Jenis Kantong Semar (Nepenthes spp.) dalam Kawasan Hutan Tanaman Industri PT. Bhatara Alam Lestari Kabupaten Mempawah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat,” J. Hutan Lestari, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 733–741, 2018, doi: 10.26418/jhl.v6i4.29017.
[8] E. I. Lestari, K. Raisah, and A. P. Prabandari, “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Varietas Tanaman dalam Memberikan Kepastian Hukum kepada Pemulia Tanaman,” Notarius, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 972–984, 2019, doi: 10.14710/nts.v12i2.29140.
[9] B. S. E. Sugistiyoko, “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Tersangka dalam Proses Perkara Pidana,” J. Fak. Huk. Univ. Tulungagung, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 58–75, 2020, doi: 10.36563/yustitiabelen.v6i2.245.
[10] Y. Monita, Helmi, and Arfa, “Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran Memperniagakan Tanaman dan Satwa yang Dilindungi Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya di Kota Jambi,” J. Inov., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 135–164, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/jimih/article/view/13219
[11] Julian, “Gakkum KLHK Menahan Penjual Kantong Semar Dilindungi ke Taiwan,” Gakkum: Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Hidup & Kehutanan. [Online]. Available: https://gakkum.menlhk.go.id/infopublik/detail/118
[12] F. Hanif, “Upaya Perlindungan Satwa Liar Indonesia melalui Instrumen Hukum dan Perundang-undangan,” J. Huk. Lingkung. Indones., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 29–48, 2015, doi: 10.38011/jhli.v2i2.24.
[13] E. O. H. Soetoto and M. Graicila, “Perlindungan Hukum Bunga Edelweis di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 Tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya,” Krtha Bhayangkara, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 101–120, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://ejurnal.ubharajaya.ac.id/index.php/KRTHA
[14] E. B. Prasetyo, “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Tanpa Hak dengan Sengaja Membeli dan Memiliki Satwa yang Dilindungi dalam Keadaan Hidup Jenis Bayi Owa Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) (Studi Putusan Nomor: 1101/Pid.B/Lh/2021/Pn.Tjk),” J. Huk. Das Soll., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 326–346, 2022, doi: 10.32520/das-sollen.v8i2.2137.
[15] R. Muhamad, “Perancangan Interior Wisata Edukasi Flora Langka Indonesia di Bandung,” Universitas Komputer Indonesia, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://elibrary.unikom.ac.id/id/eprint/8238/